@font-face{font-family:Inter Fallback;src:local("Arial");ascent-override:90.2%;descent-override:22.48%;line-gap-override:0%;size-adjust:107.4%}:root{--bg: #ffffff;--fg: #111827;--muted: #6b7280;--border: #e5e7eb;--accent: #2563eb;--accent-soft: rgba(37, 99, 235, .08);--code-bg: #f6f8fa;--card: #f9fafb;--header-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);--maxw: 720px;--wide: 1040px;color-scheme:light}:root[data-theme=dark]{--bg: #0a0a0f;--fg: #f3f4f6;--muted: #9ca3af;--border: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--accent: #60a5fa;--accent-soft: rgba(96, 165, 250, .1);--code-bg: #12131a;--card: #111118;--header-bg: rgba(10, 10, 15, .8);color-scheme:dark}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]){--bg: #0a0a0f;--fg: #f3f4f6;--muted: #9ca3af;--border: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--accent: #60a5fa;--accent-soft: rgba(96, 165, 250, .1);--code-bg: #12131a;--card: #111118;--header-bg: rgba(10, 10, 15, .8);color-scheme:dark}}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:4.5rem;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);font:16px/1.7 Inter,Inter Fallback,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.006em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}[lang=ar]{letter-spacing:0;font-family:Segoe UI,Tahoma,Geeza Pro,Noto Sans Arabic,sans-serif}a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:4px}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:10px}picture{display:contents}figure{margin:1.75rem 0}figcaption{color:var(--muted);font-size:.85rem;text-align:center;margin-top:.5rem}pre{background:var(--code-bg);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.1rem;overflow-x:auto;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.6}code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,monospace}:not(pre)>code{background:var(--code-bg);border:1px solid var(--border);padding:.1em .38em;border-radius:5px;font-size:.86em}blockquote{border-inline-start:3px solid var(--accent);margin-inline:0;padding:.25rem 0 .25rem 1rem;color:var(--muted)}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;overflow-x:auto;display:block;font-size:.92rem}th,td{border:1px solid var(--border);padding:.55rem .8rem;text-align:start}th{background:var(--card)}hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin:2.5rem 0}.wrap{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.25rem}.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10;background:var(--header-bg);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(12px);backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(12px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.site-header .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;height:3.75rem}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;color:var(--fg);font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.015em}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand img{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--border)}.site-header nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1.25rem;font-size:.9rem}.site-header nav a{color:var(--muted)}.site-header nav a:hover,.site-header nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--fg);text-decoration:none}.theme-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:32px;height:32px;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;background:transparent;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer}.theme-toggle:hover{color:var(--fg)}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:5rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.85rem}.site-footer .wrap{padding-block:2rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem 1.25rem;justify-content:space-between}.site-footer nav{display:flex;gap:1rem}.site-footer a{color:var(--muted)}.site-footer a:hover{color:var(--fg)}.intro{display:flex;gap:1.1rem;align-items:center;margin:3rem 0 2.25rem}.intro img{width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid var(--border)}.intro h1{font-size:clamp(1.6rem,4vw,2rem);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0 0 .25rem}.intro p{margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.topics{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem;margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none}.topics button{font:inherit;font-size:.8rem;cursor:pointer;padding:.25rem .75rem;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--border);background:transparent;color:var(--muted)}.topics button:hover{color:var(--fg)}.topics button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--fg);border-color:var(--fg);color:var(--bg)}.post-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.post-list li{border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.post-list li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 132px;gap:1.25rem;align-items:center;padding:1.35rem 0;color:inherit}.card:hover{text-decoration:none}.card:hover h2{color:var(--accent)}.card h2{margin:.15rem 0 .35rem;font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.015em;transition:color .15s}.card .excerpt{color:var(--muted);margin:0;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.6;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.card .thumb{width:132px;height:88px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--border);background:var(--card)}.card.no-thumb,.related .card.no-thumb{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.post-list li.featured .card{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:0}.post-list li.featured{border-top:0}.post-list li.featured .thumb{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1200 / 630;order:-1}.post-list li.featured h2{font-size:1.45rem}.post-list li[hidden]{display:none}@media(max-width:34rem){.card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 88px;gap:.9rem}.card .thumb{width:88px;height:64px}.intro{margin-top:2rem}}.meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem;display:flex;gap:.35rem .6rem;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.meta .dot:before{content:"·";margin-inline-end:.6rem}.label{color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}[lang=ar] .label{letter-spacing:0}.crumbs{margin:2.25rem 0 1.1rem;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);display:flex;gap:.45rem;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.crumbs a{color:var(--muted)}.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--fg)}article h1{font-size:clamp(1.75rem,5vw,2.4rem);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:.35rem 0 1rem}[lang=ar] article h1,article[lang=ar] h1{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.45}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.7rem;margin-bottom:1.75rem}.byline img{width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--border)}.byline .who{font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.byline .who a{color:var(--fg)}.article-hero{width:100%;margin:0 0 2rem;border:1px solid var(--border)}.toc{margin:0 0 2rem;padding:.85rem 1.1rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;background:var(--card);font-size:.9rem}.toc summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.toc ol{margin:.6rem 0 .1rem;padding-inline-start:1.2rem}.toc li{margin:.2rem 0}.toc a{color:var(--muted)}.toc a:hover{color:var(--fg)}.post-body{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.78;overflow-wrap:break-word}.post-body>:first-child{margin-top:0}.post-body p,.post-body ul,.post-body ol{margin:0 0 1.2rem}.post-body li{margin:.3rem 0}.post-body h2{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:2.75rem 0 .9rem}.post-body h3{font-size:1.18rem;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:2rem 0 .6rem}.post-body[lang=ar] h2,.post-body[lang=ar] h3,[lang=ar] .post-body h2,[lang=ar] .post-body h3{letter-spacing:0}.post-body h2 .anchor,.post-body h3 .anchor{margin-inline-start:.4rem;color:var(--border);font-weight:400;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s}.post-body h2:hover .anchor,.post-body h3:hover .anchor{opacity:1}.post-body a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 35%,transparent);text-underline-offset:3px}.post-body a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}.post-body img{border:1px solid var(--border)}.tags{margin-top:2.25rem;display:flex;gap:.45rem;flex-wrap:wrap}.tags span{font-size:.78rem;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--border);padding:.2rem .65rem;border-radius:999px;color:var(--muted)}.author-box{display:flex;gap:1rem;align-items:flex-start;margin-top:3rem;padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:12px;background:var(--card)}.author-box img{width:56px;height:56px;border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0}.author-box p{margin:.25rem 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.6}.author-box .name{color:var(--fg);font-weight:650;margin:0}.author-box .links{margin-top:.5rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.9rem;font-size:.85rem}[dir=rtl]{text-align:right}[dir=rtl] pre,[dir=rtl] code{direction:ltr;text-align:left}.comments{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.comments h2{font-size:1.1rem;margin:0 0 .9rem}.comment-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.5rem}.comment-list li{padding:.85rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.comment-list li:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.comment-meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem}.comment-author{color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}.comment-body{margin-top:.35rem;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.comment-empty{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;margin:0 0 1.5rem}.comment-form{display:grid;gap:.35rem;max-width:34rem}.comment-form label{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}.comment-form input[type=text],.comment-form textarea{font:inherit;padding:.55rem .7rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;background:var(--card, transparent);color:var(--fg);width:100%}.comment-form textarea{resize:vertical}.comment-form button{font:inherit;font-weight:600;justify-self:start;margin-top:.5rem;padding:.5rem 1.1rem;border:0;border-radius:8px;background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg);cursor:pointer}.comment-form button:hover:not(:disabled){opacity:.88}.comment-form button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}.comment-note{color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem;margin:.35rem 0 0}.cf-turnstile{margin-top:.6rem}.c-hp{position:absolute;top:-9999px;left:0;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}[dir=rtl] .comment-form button{justify-self:end}.related{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.related h2{font-size:1.1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem}.related ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.related li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.related li:last-child{border-bottom:0}.related .card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 96px;padding:1rem 0}.related .card h2,.related .card h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .25rem}.related .card .thumb{width:96px;height:64px}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}[dir=ltr]{text-align:start}